Major Parenting Findings in 2014: Part 2
A great deal of findings were found on the influence of parenting on children's development.
Additionally, other studies have shown effects from the environment regardless of parenting level.
Parenting styles
Authoritative parenting was consistently found to be beneficial to children and authoritarian parenting and helicopter parenting came out particularly badly. In particular, studies indicated that these parenting styles reflected dysfunctional family patterns.
BMI
More evidence this year on the need to watch your child's BMI with higher BMIs being linked to:
Factors found to increase child's BMI or to cause unhealthy eating patterns were:
Increased physical activity was also found to be beneficial being associated with improved behaviour in the classroom, higher self-reported health, lower substance use and better psychological health.
Health
Parenting styles were shown to have a significant impact on the health of children this year. Most importantly a longitudinal study found long term health problems were more common in people who had had high levels of adversity in childhood or whose parents had shown low levels of warmth. More positive warm parenting was also found to be related to missing/decaying teeth and teenage eating disorders. While strong family connections were linked to more responsible sex practices in teenagers.
Along the same lines, authoritarian parenting was found to be the worse for your child's health (aside from a decrease in drinking) with children of authoritarian parents found to have worse movement skills, more cavities, more likely to smoke and be more likely to engage in extreme weight control behaviors.
Screens
Although it was suggested this year that the dangers of screen time are overstated, the research primarily found negative findings. Children's comprehension of reading was found to be lower in an electronic format, video games were found to be linked to disruptive deficits, ability and physical deficits in teenagers, cognitive problems from exposure to background television and increased screen use was found to be disruptive on sleep. The only positive findings were some benefit for screen use in preventing dyslexia and an increased activity level from using active video games.
Sleep
The benefits of a good nights sleep were again restated with poor sleep associated with:
Additionally, other studies have shown effects from the environment regardless of parenting level.
Authoritative parenting was consistently found to be beneficial to children and authoritarian parenting and helicopter parenting came out particularly badly. In particular, studies indicated that these parenting styles reflected dysfunctional family patterns.
More evidence this year on the need to watch your child's BMI with higher BMIs being linked to:
- Social problems
- ADHD symptoms
- Lower motor skills
- Lowered health related quality of life
- Lowered self control
- Lowered cognitive flexibility
- Lowered academic performance
- Increased risk of depression
- Weaker bones
Factors found to increase child's BMI or to cause unhealthy eating patterns were:
- Parenting style, particularly in fathers with authoritative or inductive parenting found to be the most related to lower BMIs
- Parental feeding style, in the prescence of child traits (e.g.emotional eating or fussiness)
- Restrictive feeding practices
- Healthiness of parent's lifestyle
- Not having meals as a family
- Lack of awareness of the consequences of being overweight
- Lack of time to supervise a healthy lifestyle
- Perceived social pressure to eat junk food
- Increased parenting stress
- Quality of relationship with child
- Father's BMI
- Parent motivation
- Time spent outdoors
- Consumption of milk cereal drink
- Encouragement to diet (of girls)
- Providing food as comfort
- 'External control' feeding style
- Lower general health literacy
Increased physical activity was also found to be beneficial being associated with improved behaviour in the classroom, higher self-reported health, lower substance use and better psychological health.
Health
Parenting styles were shown to have a significant impact on the health of children this year. Most importantly a longitudinal study found long term health problems were more common in people who had had high levels of adversity in childhood or whose parents had shown low levels of warmth. More positive warm parenting was also found to be related to missing/decaying teeth and teenage eating disorders. While strong family connections were linked to more responsible sex practices in teenagers.
Along the same lines, authoritarian parenting was found to be the worse for your child's health (aside from a decrease in drinking) with children of authoritarian parents found to have worse movement skills, more cavities, more likely to smoke and be more likely to engage in extreme weight control behaviors.
Alcohol and drug use
Communication specifically about alcohol and drug use as well as the presence of drug specific rules was found to decrease usage of all drugs including alcohol and tobacco.
Screens
Although it was suggested this year that the dangers of screen time are overstated, the research primarily found negative findings. Children's comprehension of reading was found to be lower in an electronic format, video games were found to be linked to disruptive deficits, ability and physical deficits in teenagers, cognitive problems from exposure to background television and increased screen use was found to be disruptive on sleep. The only positive findings were some benefit for screen use in preventing dyslexia and an increased activity level from using active video games.
Sleep
The benefits of a good nights sleep were again restated with poor sleep associated with:
- Increased intake of sugar (children)
- Decrease in scholastic achievement (teenagers)
- Increased stress (teenagers)
- Decreased school functioning (children)
- Increased parent-child conflict (children)
- More problem behaviours (children)
DNA
Several studies this year found that genetic variations and other physiological factors worked to make children more susceptible to the effects of parenting.
Effects were found on:
Genetic variation was also found to impact on parenting behaviour, particularly in showing warmth and sensitivity
Pregnancy
Research this year found that your attitude towards parenting and your ability to be a good parent during pregnancy was beneficial to both your mental health and your relationship with your child.
Several studies this year found that genetic variations and other physiological factors worked to make children more susceptible to the effects of parenting.
Effects were found on:
- Self-control
- Child behavioural problems
- Criminal offending
- Anxiety/Depression in children with ADHD
- Self regulation
- Cooperation with parents
- Attitudes towards substance use
- Internalization of parent values
- Callous-unemotional tendencies
- Child's future relationship with romantic partners
- Disordered attachment in infants
- Math-specific anxiety
- Academic achievement in kindergarten
Genetic variation was also found to impact on parenting behaviour, particularly in showing warmth and sensitivity
Pregnancy
Research this year found that your attitude towards parenting and your ability to be a good parent during pregnancy was beneficial to both your mental health and your relationship with your child.
Comments
Post a Comment