This week in parenting: 14/2/15

Schooling
The degree towards children are accepted by lunch mates has been found to be an important marker for future victimization by peers.

A study of children's cortisol levels in the first year of school found that levels were highest at 3 months after commencement of school, suggesting a delayed stress reaction.

study from Kenya has found that authoritative parents are the most involved in the education of their children.

Parents
Women who had a childhood history of abuse were found to lose confidence more rapidly when faced with a difficult to soothe infant.

Parenting
Adult's marriage satisfaction has been found to be affected by the parenting style of their parents with children of authoritative and permissive parents having the highest levels of marital satisfaction.

study of teachers found that those who had had neglecting parents had the lowest scores on measure of emotional intelligence.

Parental support has been found to help protect against the relationship between troubled marriage between the parents and anxiety.

Lower levels of parental bonding with children has been found to increase depression and anxiety in children who are bullied.

Problem behavior
study from Japan has found that children's behavior at 7.5 was predictive of their behavior at age 9, with problem behavior at 7.5 triggering over-reactive parenting that then increased problem behavior and decreased prosocial behavior.

Directive parenting programs such as the Triple P program were found to result in a greater decrease in problem behaviors than non-directive programs, in the form of a mutual aid parenting support groups. Non-directive programs were found to be not statistically better than having no program.

Children with high cortisol reactivity and who's parents engaged in hostile parenting were found to have more problem behavior at 3 and more problem behavior, anxiety and depression between the ages of 3 and 6.

A strong association has been found between physically harsh parenting and childhood problem behavior. More support from the father, neighbours and family were found to decrease the level  of problem behavior. 

Teenagers
Consistent disciplinary practices by parents were found to be protective against gambling problems when teenagers were involved only in low levels of gambling involvement.

Teenagers whose parents believed they had 'problems in communication' were found to consume higher levels of fast food.

The emotional intelligence of teenagers was found to be influenced by parents using an authoritative parenting style.

Teenage children of authoritarian and permissive parents were found to go looking for health information online more often while children of authoritative parents were found to have higher health literacy.

Attachment to parents was found to buffer the relationship between a brain-endocrine stress response and past stress in teenage males.

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